Glossary of Basic Plumbing Terms – Dambat IBO IPRO Pumps

Glossary of basic hydraulic terms for installers of Dambat water pumps (IBO, IPRO) has been prepared as a practical tool to assist with the selection, installation, and servicing of pumping systems in residential construction, agriculture, and industry throughout Poland, including the Mazovia region and the areas around Warsaw.
Key definitions, standards, abbreviations, and valve and accessory components that directly affect pump selection, operating safety, and the durability of the entire hydraulic system have been compiled in one place.
As a result, an installer, designer, or service technician working with IBO and IPRO pumps can analyze installation parameters more quickly, select components correctly, and minimize the risk of failures.

Glossary of basic hydraulic terms for installers of IBO and IPRO pumps

Glossary of basic hydraulic terms is a set of practical definitions describing the components, parameters, and standards most commonly found in pumping, pressure-booster, and industrial installations operating with IBO and IPRO pumps.
Such a glossary of basic hydraulic terms facilitates communication between the designer, installer, and end user, while also enabling precise descriptions of technical requirements in design and service documentation.
An extensive glossary of basic hydraulic terms is particularly important when working with more complex installations featuring multiple-pump systems, storage tanks, automation, and various working media.

In practice, a glossary of basic hydraulic terms created for a water-pump manufacturer such as Dambat must cover not only pump parameters, but also valves and fittings, hydraulic hoses, safety devices, and selection criteria compliant with standards EN 853, EN 856, EN 857, and ISO 18752.
The glossary of basic hydraulic terms described below has been prepared with the real-world applications of IBO and IPRO submersible, surface, circulation, and pressure-booster pumps in residential, commercial, and industrial facilities in mind.

How to use the glossary and search for terms

Below is a list of technical terms related to hydraulic power systems, pumping technology, and valves and fittings, with definitions prepared for work with IBO and IPRO products.
To make searching easier, a simple filter has been placed above the list – entering part of a term automatically narrows the visible entries, making it quick to find the required concept when designing or servicing a pumping system.

• Hydraulic power systems – a field of engineering that uses hydraulic fluid to transmit energy and control the operation of actuators, such as hydraulic cylinders or hydrostatic drives in machines operating with water and process-fluid pumps.
  In installations involving IBO and IPRO pumps, hydraulic power systems may be connected to control systems for valves, flaps, or components regulating the flow of the working medium in industrial processes.
• Hydraulic pump – a device that converts mechanical energy into fluid pressure energy, generating the required flow and operating pressure in a hydraulic system.
  In the classical sense, a hydraulic pump refers to the drive of hydraulic power systems, but in the context of IBO and IPRO pumps, similar selection principles apply to submersible, booster, and circulation pumps, where key parameters include head, flow rate, and operating pressure.
  A properly selected hydraulic pump or water pump reduces pressure losses in hydraulic hoses and ensures stable flow, resulting in lower energy consumption and a longer system service life.
• Hydraulic system – a complete set of components, such as a hydraulic pump or water pump, hydraulic actuator, hydraulic valves, hydraulic hoses, hydraulic filter, and hydraulic oil tank or water storage tank, that performs the task of transporting and regulating the flow of the working medium.
  The hydraulic system for IBO and IPRO pumps includes both the pumping section (submersible, booster, or circulation pump) and safety fittings, shut-off valves, a check valve, a safety valve, and automation components such as a pressure switch.
  A properly designed hydraulic system takes into account the minimum bending radius of hoses, permissible operating pressure, burst pressure, and the requirements of EN 853, EN 856, EN 857, and ISO 18752, ensuring safe and reliable operation.
• Open system – a hydraulic system in which the working medium (e.g. hydraulic oil or water) is in contact with the atmosphere, typically through an open storage tank, well, or buffer tank.
  In systems with IBO and IPRO pumps, an open system often applies to water intake systems from open tanks, ponds, fire water tanks, or partially open process installations.
  When designing an open system, attention should be paid to the selection of air intake valves, protection against pump dry running, and protection against contaminants by using a suitably selected hydraulic filter or pre-filter in the water system.
• Closed system – a hydraulic system in which the working medium circulates in a closed circuit without contact with the atmosphere, while pressure changes are controlled by a pressure control valve, pressure regulator, and hydraulic accumulator.
  A closed system is typical of hydraulic power systems, as well as closed heating and cooling systems in which Dambat IBO circulation pumps and IPRO pumps operate.
  In a closed system, it is particularly important to select the correct operating pressure, set the safety valve, and properly select the hydraulic oil tank or expansion vessel.
• Hydraulic valves – a general term for fittings used to control the flow, direction, and pressure of the working medium in a hydraulic system, including shut-off, directional, check, safety, and throttling valves.
  Hydraulic valves in installations working with IBO and IPRO pumps provide protection against excessive pressure, protection against backflow, and flow regulation in individual branches of the system.
  Proper selection of hydraulic valves based on DN sizes, operating pressure, and material (e.g., brass, SS – Stainless Steel) is crucial for the durability of a water installation.
• Pressure regulating valve – a hydraulic fitting that stabilizes operating pressure within a preset range by releasing part of the working medium into the hydraulic oil tank or to the pump suction side.
  A pressure regulating valve is used both in conventional hydraulic power systems and in systems with water pumps where maintaining constant pressure in the network is necessary, for example in Dambat IBO pressure booster sets.
  Combined with components such as a pressure switch and a pressure regulator, a pressure regulating valve helps protect the pump against overload and excessive pressure that could rupture the hoses.
• Pressure regulator – a device that automatically maintains the operating pressure at a preset level, working together with a pump, pressure regulating valve, and hydraulic accumulator.
  A pressure regulator in systems with IBO and IPRO pumps may take the form of an electronic pump controller, a frequency converter, or a conventional pressure switch with an on/off function.
  The two basic effects that a pressure regulator should provide are stable flow with variable demand and protection of the installation against exceeding the permissible operating pressure.
• Pressure switch – an automation component that controls pump operation based on preset operating pressure thresholds, most commonly used in pressure booster sets and small systems with Dambat IBO submersible and surface pumps.
  A properly selected pressure switch works together with the safety valve and shut-off valve, ensuring the safe start and stopping of the pump at specified pressure values in the installation.
  In service practice, it is important to periodically check the pressure switch settings to maintain the correct operating pressure range and avoid excessively frequent pump starts.
• Operating pressure – the pressure value at which a hydraulic system and its components can operate continuously and safely, in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications for hoses, fittings, and pumps.
  The working pressure of installations with Dambat IBO or IPRO pumps should always be compared with data such as WP (Working Pressure), the minimum bend radius, and the burst pressure of the hoses to avoid excessive loads on fittings and connectors.
  Properly defined working pressure is a key parameter when designing and expanding water supply, fire protection, industrial, and agricultural installations.
• Burst pressure – the pressure value at which a hydraulic hose or other installation component is destroyed as a result of exceeding permissible stresses, often designated as MBP (Minimum Burst Pressure).
  Burst pressure is always higher than the working pressure and WP (Working Pressure), but when designing installations with IBO and IPRO pumps, burst pressure must not be treated as a permissible value for normal operation.
  In engineering practice, the burst pressure is compared with the maximum possible pressure generated by the pump and pressure control valve to ensure an adequate safety margin.
• WP (Working Pressure) – the designation for the maximum working pressure of a hose or fitting component at a specified temperature of the working medium, used in the technical documentation for hoses, connectors, and manifolds.
  In installations operating with IBO and IPRO pumps, WP must always be greater than or equal to the required working pressure of the installation, taking into account any pressure spikes caused by the sudden closing of valves or stopping of the pump.
  The WP (Working Pressure) designation should also be considered in relation to standards such as EN 853, EN 856, EN 857, and ISO 18752, which specify strength requirements for hydraulic hoses.
• MBP (Minimum Burst Pressure) – an abbreviation denoting the minimum burst pressure at which a hose or installation component is destroyed during strength tests.
  MBP is a key parameter in the certification of hydraulic hoses compliant with EN 853, EN 856, EN 857, and ISO 18752, and for designers of installations with IBO and IPRO pumps, it serves as a reference value for assessing the safety margin.
  During normal operation of an installation, the aim is for the working pressure to remain significantly lower than the MBP, ensuring long-term, trouble-free operation.
• Flow – the amount of working medium (e.g., water or hydraulic oil) flowing through the cross-section of a pipe or device per unit of time, most commonly expressed in m³/h or l/min.
  Flow is one of the two key parameters, alongside working pressure, when selecting IBO and IPRO pumps for specific applications, such as supplying buildings with water, watering gardens, powering industrial installations, or sprinkler systems.
  An insufficient cross-section of the hydraulic lines, an incorrect minimum bend radius, or improperly selected throttling valves may cause flow drops, increased pressure losses, and improper pump operation.
• Flow in technical pump documentation is often presented as a Q-H curve, where the relationship between capacity and head is given for a particular Dambat IBO or IPRO pump.
  When analyzing flow, the installer should consider not only the demand of the outlets, but also the type of hydraulic system (open or closed system), the length and diameter of the lines, the number of fittings, and losses in valves and filters.
  Maintaining the proper flow throughout the entire cross-section of the installation helps prevent cavitation, excessive pump heating, and noise in the lines.
• Flow in hydraulic power systems is also a parameter determining the extension and retraction speed of single-acting and double-acting hydraulic cylinders, which is important in industrial applications related to the transport and processing of the medium.
  In this type of application, flow is often controlled using throttling valves, adjustable throttling valves, or one-way throttle-check valves, which enable precise regulation of actuator movement speed.
  In systems with Dambat pumps, where flow in process and water hydraulics overlap, cooperation between the water installation designer and the hydraulic power specialist is essential.
• Flow in the context of systems with IBO and IPRO water pumps should always be analyzed together with the NPSH parameter, suction lift, and linear and local losses to ensure stable pump operation without cavitation.
  When modernizing existing systems, increasing the flow may require replacing hydraulic lines with larger DN sizes, optimizing the pipeline route, and adjusting the settings of the pressure control valve and throttling valves.
  Monitoring flow using flow meters and automation systems makes it possible to continuously verify the actual capacity of the water installation.
• Flow in fire protection systems using Dambat IBO pumps requires special attention because it must comply with the requirements of relevant standards and regulations, including those related to the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), when flammable or aggressive media are present in the vicinity of the installation.
  Although water pumps themselves most often operate with water as the working medium, flow in such systems should also be analyzed in terms of the possibility of connecting temporary hydraulic power systems, supplying technical equipment, or providing emergency power to retention tanks.
  In such situations, the flow must also remain stable in the event of partial damage to the installation, which requires appropriately dividing the system into sections with shut-off valves and diverting valves.
• Flow in agricultural installations, for example, when irrigating fields and orchards using Dambat IBO submersible and surface pumps, is a parameter dependent on the type of sprinklers, drip systems, and the capacity of retention tanks.
  In this type of application, flow is often regulated by zone using a distribution box and non-adjustable or adjustable throttling valves, while properly designing the network ensures uniform irrigation with minimal energy losses.
  When analyzing flow in agricultural systems, it is also worth considering the possibility of expanding the system with additional irrigation sections and checking whether the parameters of Dambat IBO pumps allow such expansion without replacing the equipment.
• Flow in domestic hot water and heating installations in which IBO and IPRO circulation pumps operate must be matched to the heat source capacity, circuit lengths, and the required thermal comfort in the rooms.
  Excessively low flow causes the most distant circuits to be underheated, while excessively high flow can lead to noise in the installation, increased energy consumption, and erosion of the internal pipe surfaces.
  Flow regulation is most often carried out using throttling valves, pressure control valves, and modern electronic pumps controlled by differential pressure.
• Throttling valve – a valve used to restrict flow by partially closing the flow cross-section for the working medium, used to regulate flow velocity in hydraulic lines or water pipelines.
  A throttling valve is used at points where precise flow regulation is required, for example, when distributing flow to heating circuits, irrigation sections, or inlets to heat exchangers in installations working with Dambat pumps.
  Incorrect adjustment of the throttling valve may cause excessive pressure losses, noise, and uneven flow distribution in the installation.
• Throttling valve in industrial installations often works together with a pressure switch, flow controllers, and temperature sensors to maintain optimal process conditions in systems with IBO and IPRO pumps.
  In power hydraulics, a throttling valve can affect the movement speed of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder or double-acting hydraulic cylinder, which is important for the precise positioning of technical equipment.
  The selection of the diameter and type of throttling valve should always be correlated with the flow requirements and operating pressure in the given section of the installation.
• Throttle valve in water systems supplied by Dambat IBO submersible pumps is often installed on the discharge side to limit the flow when the well's capacity is lower than the pump's capacity.
  This solution allows the flow to be adjusted to the capacity of the water intake, but it also requires monitoring the operating pressure and ensuring that the pump is not operating too far from its optimum point.
  When using a throttle valve in well systems, it is also worth considering level sensors and dry-running protection.
• Throttle valve used in systems with aggressive or high-temperature media should be made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as SS (Stainless Steel), or have a ZN-NI coating, which increases its resistance to operating conditions.
  When used with Dambat pumps in the food, chemical, or district heating industries, the throttle valve must have the appropriate material and temperature approvals in accordance with process requirements.
  Selecting the right throttle valve for such applications often requires consultation with the valve manufacturer and the pump manufacturer.
• Throttle valve can also serve as an element supporting system balancing, for example in extensive heating systems with multiple circuits, where it works with IBO and IPRO circulation pumps.
  In such systems, the throttle valve enables the flow in a given circuit to be preset and then maintained regardless of how many of the other circuits are currently operating.
  For the installer, it is important to properly document the setting after adjusting the throttle valve, which facilitates subsequent servicing and modernization.
• Fixed throttle valve – a valve whose flow characteristic is constant and results from its design and cross-section, with no possibility of smooth adjustment by the user.
  A fixed throttle valve is used where introducing a specific, constant pressure loss is desirable, for example to limit the flow to a particular branch of a system with a Dambat IBO pump, without the need for frequent adjustments.
  A fixed throttle valve can also be used in protection systems, where maintaining a specified minimum flow through a heat exchanger or technical equipment is important.
• Fixed throttle valve is sometimes made as a special orifice installed in the pipeline, which generates the appropriate pressure loss at a specified flow rate through its precisely sized opening.
  In systems with IPRO pumps, particularly in industry, a fixed throttle valve is preferred where stable parameters are required and the risk of accidental adjustment changes by operators must be minimized.
  The fixed throttle valve works well with automation because its flow characteristic is predictable and repeatable.
• Non-adjustable throttling valve can provide protection for Dambat pumps when there is a risk of a sudden increase in flow, for example after the sudden opening of a large terminal valve in the network.
  A properly selected non-adjustable throttling valve restricts the flow, protecting the installation from water hammer and surges in operating pressure.
  In design practice, it is advisable to use simulations or hydraulic calculations to select the parameters of such a valve.
• Non-adjustable throttling valve is also used in bypass circuits in heating and cooling installations where Dambat IBO circulation pumps operate, ensuring minimum flow through the pump even when all control valves are closed.
  This solution prevents pump overheating, cavitation, and operation against a closed valve, which shortens the service life of the equipment.
  A non-adjustable throttling valve in a bypass circuit should be selected to ensure the pump manufacturer’s minimum required flow.
• One-way throttle check valve – a valve combining flow-throttling functionality in one direction with check-valve functionality in the opposite direction, often used in power hydraulics to regulate the speed of a hydraulic actuator.
  A one-way throttle check valve limits flow in one direction while allowing free flow in the opposite direction, which is important in systems requiring different movement speeds for the extension and return of a single-acting or double-acting hydraulic actuator.
  In water installations with Dambat pumps, such valves may appear in specialized automation systems for shut-off valves or butterfly valves.
• Adjustable throttling valve – a valve that enables smooth adjustment of the degree of flow throttling and thus precise adaptation of the flow to the system requirements.
  Adjustable throttling valves are widely used in heating, cooling, and industrial installations working with IBO and IPRO pumps, where manual flow regulation is required in individual branches.
  Correctly setting an adjustable throttling valve usually requires pressure or flow measurements to achieve the intended operating parameters of the installation.
• Shut-off valve – a basic component of the piping system used to completely shut off the flow of the working medium, for servicing, modernization, and securing individual sections of the installation.
  The shut-off valve is installed at IBO and IPRO pumps on the suction and discharge sides, at retention tanks, hydraulic oil tanks, and key branches of the hydraulic system.
  For operational safety, it is essential that the shut-off valve is easily accessible to operators and identified in accordance with the installation documentation.
• Directional valve – a valve that controls the flow direction of the working medium, allowing the flow to be switched between different branches of the system, e.g. between a storage tank and the supply network.
  The directional valve can operate manually or automatically, and when used with IBO and IPRO pumps, it serves to switch reserve pumps, change the flow direction, or switch between different tank levels.
  In more advanced installations, the directional valve is controlled by a control valve or by higher-level automation modules.
• Control valve – a general term for a valve responsible for controlling system operating parameters, such as working pressure, flow, or the direction of the medium.
  The control valve in installations with Dambat pumps may be electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically controlled, and its operation is linked to signals from pressure, temperature, and flow sensors.
  In hydraulic power systems, the control valve plays a key role in controlling the movement of hydraulic actuators and the operation of hydrostatic drives.
• Safety valve – a valve that opens automatically when the preset pressure value is exceeded, protecting the hydraulic system and technical equipment from damage.
  In installations with IBO and IPRO pumps, the safety valve is usually installed on the discharge connection or near the tank to ensure that excess pressure is released into the storage tank or to a safe point.
  Regularly checking the safety valve settings and condition is crucial for the safety of users and installers.
• Check valve – a valve that allows the working medium to flow in only one direction, protecting the pump and installation against backflow.
  For Dambat IBO submersible and surface pumps, the check valve is usually installed in the discharge section to prevent the pipeline from emptying after the pump stops and to reduce water hammer.
  A check valve is an essential component in every installation with a pump, regardless of the type of working medium.
• Check valve is also used in systems with a hydraulic accumulator, where its purpose is to maintain pressure in part of the installation after the pump is switched off or in the event of a failure.
  In such applications, the check valve works together with a safety valve, pressure control valve, and pressure switch, forming a complete pressure protection system.
  For proper operation, it is important that the check valve be selected according to the permissible working pressure and flow rate.
• Air valve – a valve that allows air to enter an installation to equalize pressure or vent the system, which is important both in water installations and in some hydraulic power systems.
  In installations with Dambat IBO pumps, an air release valve is often installed at the highest points of water systems, near storage tanks, or on long pipelines to prevent air from accumulating and air pockets from forming.
  Proper operation of the air release valve improves flow stability and eliminates noise associated with the movement of air bubbles.
• Backflow prevention valve – a valve used to protect drinking water installations against the reverse flow of contaminated working medium from an industrial or process section.
  A backflow prevention valve is particularly important in installations where IBO and IPRO pumps supply water to process systems, where contact with chemicals or other contaminants may occur.
  The backflow prevention valve should be installed in accordance with applicable regulations and design guidelines.
• Hydraulic fluid – a working medium used in hydraulic power systems, most commonly in the form of hydraulic oil with suitable viscosity, resistance to ageing, and lubricating properties.
  Properly selected hydraulic fluid ensures the correct operation of the hydraulic pump, hydraulic actuators, and valves, and its properties affect the efficiency of the entire hydraulic system.
  In installations involving Dambat pumps, where water systems and hydraulic fluid systems operate in parallel, it is important to clearly separate the circuits and properly label the working medium.
• Hydraulic fluid is selected based on the operating temperature range, seal type, material compatibility, and the required level of corrosion protection for hydraulic power components.
  In systems where Dambat pumps supply technical equipment requiring an external hydraulic power system, the proper selection of hydraulic fluid affects the service life of hydraulic actuators and control valves.
  Regular replacement of the hydraulic fluid and monitoring of its condition are essential for maintaining high system reliability.
• Hydraulic fluid requires filtration using a hydraulic filter, which removes solid contaminants that could cause wear to pumps, valves, and actuators.
  In projects combining Dambat water pumps with hydraulic power systems, separate circuits with their own hydraulic filter and hydraulic oil tank are often used, minimizing the risk of contaminating the water system with oil and vice versa.
  The filtration grade should be selected according to the requirements of hydraulic component manufacturers and applicable industry standards.
• Hydraulic fluid must be stored in appropriate tanks protected against moisture and contamination, and in accordance with the requirements for hazardous substances specified by the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR).
  In industrial systems where hydraulic fluid and water are used in parallel as working media, it is essential to ensure appropriate safety procedures for operation and servicing.
  Proper management of hydraulic fluid reduces failures and environmental impact.
• Hydraulic cylinder – an actuator in a power hydraulic system that converts the pressure energy of hydraulic fluid into linear motion, used in many technical devices operating with pumping systems.
  A hydraulic cylinder can operate in systems in which Dambat IBO pumps indirectly supply power hydraulic systems through a hydraulic power unit or hydrostatic drive.
  When selecting a hydraulic cylinder, the maximum operating pressure, stroke, force, and seal type must be taken into account.
• Hydraulic cylinder operates with control valves, a pressure control valve, and a throttle valve, which control its speed and direction of movement.
  In industrial applications connected to water systems, a hydraulic cylinder may, for example, control gate valves, flaps, or other valves regulating the flow of water pumped by Dambat IBO pumps.
  Proper integration of a hydraulic cylinder with a water system requires consideration of both power hydraulics parameters and the characteristics of water flow.
• Single-acting hydraulic cylinder – a cylinder in which hydraulic fluid acts on only one side of the piston, while retraction is usually achieved by a spring or gravity.
  A single-acting hydraulic cylinder is used where a simple extension function is required, for example in mechanisms for lifting gate valves or butterfly valves, or in simple technical devices indirectly operating with pumping systems.
  In projects involving water systems, it is important for the range of motion of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder to correspond to the required valve opening range.
• Single-acting hydraulic cylinder often operates with a one-way throttle check valve, which limits the extension speed while allowing free retraction.
  This solution is used in applications requiring controlled opening of water valves, for example to prevent water hammer caused by opening the flow too quickly.
  In projects integrating single-acting hydraulic cylinders with Dambat pump water systems, it is also essential to provide suitable protection against mechanical overload.
• Double-acting hydraulic cylinder – a cylinder in which hydraulic fluid acts on both sides of the piston, enabling control of both extension and retraction.
  A double-acting hydraulic actuator is used in more complex technical equipment where full position control is required, for example, when controlling large sluice gates in retention reservoirs or butterfly valves in water channels.
  Integrating a double-acting hydraulic actuator with Dambat pumping systems requires properly designed hydraulic lines and control valves.
• A double-acting hydraulic actuator is also used in drives that enable precise flow control in process installations, where Dambat pumps supply the working medium for production processes.
  In such systems, a double-acting hydraulic actuator works with directional control valves, safety valves, and hydraulic accumulators, forming a complete control system.
  The selection of actuator parameters should take into account the maximum working pressure and the frequency of operating cycles.
• Hydraulic accumulator – a tank that stores energy in the form of compressed hydraulic fluid, most often using a diaphragm, piston, or gas bladder.
  A hydraulic accumulator is used in power hydraulics systems to damp hydraulic shocks, stabilize working pressure, and provide short-term flow peaks without the need to oversize the hydraulic pump.
  In installations operating with Dambat water pumps, a hydraulic accumulator can be used in external power hydraulics systems that control valves and fittings.
• The hydraulic accumulator must be selected based on its capacity, maximum working pressure, and the type of working medium used, which directly affects the safety of the system.
  Together with a safety valve, pressure control valve, and pressure switch, the hydraulic accumulator forms a pressure stabilization system in the installation.
  For proper operation, it is important to periodically check the pressure in the gas section and the tightness of the hydraulic accumulator.
• Hydrostatic drive – a drive transmission system in which a hydraulic pump generates a flow of hydraulic fluid that powers a hydraulic motor, creating a closed hydraulic system.
  Hydrostatic drives are used in many working machines that can operate with water systems supplied by Dambat pumps, for example in construction and agricultural equipment used to build and service retention reservoirs.
  In such applications, it is important that the parameters of the hydrostatic drive are coordinated with the requirements of technical equipment operating with water.
• Hydrodynamic drive – a system that uses the dynamic force of a liquid in fluid couplings and hydrodynamic transmissions to transmit torque.
  A hydrokinetic drive can be used in large pumping station installations where smooth start-up and vibration damping are required for the operation of high-power pumps, including Dambat IBO industrial pumps.
  When designing a hydrokinetic drive, it is important to analyze the load characteristics and pump start-up conditions.
• Hydraulic power unit – an assembly consisting of a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil tank, filters, valves, and a control system, used to supply power to hydraulic power systems.
  A hydraulic power unit can work with water systems equipped with Dambat pumps when control of large hydraulic actuators responsible for operating gate valves, flaps, or other large water-armature components is required.
  The selection of a hydraulic power unit should take into account the required flow rate, working pressure, and operating environmental conditions.
• Hydraulic oil tank – a tank intended for storing hydraulic fluid, equipped with connection ports, a breather, and monitoring components.
  The hydraulic oil tank is part of the hydraulic power unit and must be appropriately sized to ensure proper cooling and deaeration of the hydraulic fluid during system operation.
  In industrial installations operating in parallel with water systems, it is important to protect the hydraulic oil tank against accidental oil ingress into the water system.
• Retention tank – a tank intended to store water in order to balance flow volumes, limit stormwater runoff, or ensure an adequate water supply for fire protection and process installations.
  A retention tank often works with IBO and IPRO pumps, which ensure water flow to distribution networks, irrigation systems, or industrial installations, and its capacity must be selected according to the required flow rate and the installation's required run time.
  When designing a retention tank, environmental requirements and local building regulations must also be taken into account.
• Hydraulic hoses – flexible or rigid hoses used to convey hydraulic fluid or water, designed in accordance with EN 853, EN 856, EN 857, and ISO 18752 standards.
  Hydraulic hoses in systems operating with IBO and IPRO pumps must be selected based on working pressure, burst pressure, minimum bend radius, and resistance to the working medium and temperature.
  Proper installation of hydraulic hoses requires maintaining the minimum bend radius and using suitable couplings and fittings.
• Minimum bend radius – the smallest permissible radius at which a hydraulic hose can be bent without risking damage or excessive flow restriction.
  The minimum bend radius should always be observed when installing hydraulic hoses in systems with Dambat pumps, especially in confined technical spaces and wells, to prevent the hose from being crushed.
  The hydraulic hose manufacturer specifies the minimum bend radius in the documentation, and exceeding it shortens the hose’s service life.
• Minimum bend radius directly affects pressure losses and flow in the hose; therefore, when designing the hydraulic hose routing, excessively sharp bends should be avoided and an appropriate number of fittings or guide clamps should be used.
  In installations with Dambat IBO pumps, where hoses are routed through shafts, wells, or technical ducts, maintaining the minimum bend radius is crucial for system reliability.
  The minimum bend radius is particularly important for hoses operating under high working pressure and dynamic loads.
• EN 853 – a European standard specifying requirements for steel-braided hydraulic hoses, including pressure ranges, strength tests, and operating conditions.
  Hoses compliant with EN 853 are used in many hydraulic power systems that may operate with pumping installations, for example in machines serving retention tanks or water systems with Dambat pumps.
  The selection of EN 853 hoses should take into account the required working pressure, the temperature of the working medium, and environmental conditions.
• EN 853 is also important when designing hydraulic power units and hydrostatic drives operating water-system valves in industrial installations with Dambat IBO pumps.
  EN 853 hoses provide an appropriate safety margin between the working pressure and the burst pressure, which is crucial for long-term operation.
  The design documentation should clearly specify the hose class to avoid mistakes during installation.
• EN 853 is also used when power hydraulics systems and water systems operate in parallel within the same facility, and the hydraulic hoses are routed near Dambat pumping systems.
  In such cases, it is important to maintain appropriate distances, shielding, and fire protection measures in accordance with applicable regulations.
  Compliance with EN 853 also facilitates subsequent certification and acceptance of the installation by external bodies.
• EN 856 – a European standard concerning spiral-reinforced hydraulic hoses designed to operate at high working pressures.
  Hoses compliant with EN 856 are used in systems requiring high flow rates and high pressure, such as heavy-duty hydraulic power systems operating with large technical equipment in industrial plants.
  In the context of water systems with Dambat pumps, EN 856 hoses can be used in external hydraulic control systems for large gate valves and butterfly valves.
• EN 857 – a standard specifying requirements for smaller-diameter hydraulic hoses used in systems with moderate operating pressure.
  Hoses compliant with EN 857 can be used in compact hydraulic power systems associated with smaller technical devices operating water systems with IBO and IPRO pumps.
  The selection of EN 857 hoses should take into account both the required operating parameters and the installation conditions, as well as the minimum bend radius.
• ISO 18752 – an international standard classifying hydraulic hoses according to pressure classes and operating conditions, regardless of the hose design.
  Using hoses compliant with ISO 18752 makes it possible to standardize hose selection in systems connecting different types of pumps, including Dambat water pumps and hydraulic power systems operating fittings and technical equipment.
  The ISO 18752 standard simplifies design and service documentation, especially in facilities with complex infrastructure.
• Hydraulic fittings – components that connect hydraulic hoses to fittings, manifolds, and equipment, available in many thread and diameter standards.
  Hydraulic fittings in systems with Dambat pumps must be selected based on operating pressure, thread type (e.g. BSP, NPT, JIC), material (SS – Stainless Steel, ZN-NI coating), and the required leak-tightness class.
  Selecting the correct hydraulic fittings is crucial for the safety and durability of the entire system.
• Male end – a hydraulic or pipe connector component with an external thread or a shape matched to a female end.
  A male end is used when connecting hydraulic hoses and pipelines to Dambat pumps, valves, and distribution boxes, and its type (e.g. BSP, NPT, JIC) must comply with the design requirements.
  Correctly specifying the OD and DN diameters makes it easier to select compatible ends.
• Female end – a connector component with an internal thread or socket designed to work with a male end.
  A female end is found in valves, Dambat pump ports, and fitting components, and selecting it correctly is important for connection tightness and resistance to operating pressure.
  Water and hydraulic systems use various standards for female ends, so accurate specification at the design stage is important.
• BSP (British Standard Pipe) – a pipe thread standard widely used in Europe for hydraulic fittings and components.
  BSP threads are often used in the connections of IBO and IPRO pumps, as well as in valves and manifolds for water and hydraulic systems.
  When selecting components, pay attention to whether a parallel or tapered BSP thread is used.
• NPT (National Pipe Thread) – an American tapered pipe thread standard used in many hydraulic and pneumatic components.
  When integrating equipment from different markets with Dambat pump installations, it may be necessary to use adapters between NPT and BSP threads, which requires the installer’s attention.
  Incorrectly connecting different thread standards may lead to leaks and installation damage.
• JIC (Joint Industries Council) – a standard for fittings with a 37° conical seal, often used in power hydraulics.
  JIC fittings provide high tightness at high working pressures, which is important in hydraulic power units operating with water installations using Dambat pumps.
  When designing the system, the compatibility of JIC fittings with the remaining valve and fitting components must be considered.
• DN (Diameter Nominal) – a designation for the nominal internal diameter of pipes and valves, commonly used in the technical documentation of piping installations.
  Selecting the DN for pipelines supplied by Dambat pumps directly affects flow rate, flow velocity, and pressure losses in the installation.
  Properly selecting DN is one of the key stages in designing a hydraulic system.
• OD (Outside Diameter) – a designation for the outside diameter of pipes and hoses, often used when selecting hydraulic fittings and mounts.
  Knowledge of OD is essential when transitioning between different connection systems and thread standards in installations with Dambat pumps.
  OD should always be specified together with DN to avoid mistakes when ordering valves and fittings.
• HP (High Pressure) – a designation for components intended to operate at high working pressure, typically in power hydraulics.
  Components marked HP are used in hydraulic power units and actuators that may operate with water installations in industry and water infrastructure.
  When designing the system, ensure that all components in the high-pressure section meet HP requirements.
• LP (Low Pressure) – a designation for components operating at low working pressure, typical of return, venting, or auxiliary installations.
  In installations with Dambat pumps, LP components are used, among other things, in venting circuits, return circuits to the holding tank, and low-load control sections.
  Correctly distinguishing between HP and LP zones in an installation is important for safety and the cost-effective selection of components.
• PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) – a material with very good chemical and thermal resistance, used, among other things, for seals and inserts in valves and fittings.
  In water and process installations operating with Dambat pumps, PTFE components are used particularly where the working medium may be chemically aggressive or operates at elevated temperatures.
  PTFE provides long seal life and low friction.
• SS (Stainless Steel) – designation of stainless steel used to manufacture pump, valve, and fitting components exposed to corrosion.
  In IBO and IPRO pumps, components such as shafts and housings are often made of stainless steel, which provides corrosion resistance and extends the service life of the device.
  In drinking water installations and aggressive industrial environments, SS is the preferred material.
• ZN-NI – a zinc-nickel coating applied to steel components to increase corrosion resistance in harsh operating conditions.
  ZN-NI is often used on hydraulic fittings, unions, and fastening components in installations with Dambat pumps operating outdoors or in aggressive environments.
  Selecting components with a ZN-NI coating reduces the risk of corrosion and leaks over the long term.
• DNV – designation associated with Det Norske Veritas certification, used for components that meet the requirements of the marine and offshore industries.
  In the context of Dambat pumps and water systems, components with DNV certification may be used in port, shipyard, and marine installations where high safety standards are required.
  DNV requirements often apply to pipes, fittings, and valves operating in harsh environmental conditions.
• L (Light / Leicht) – designation of the light series of pipe fittings used in hydraulic systems with moderate pressures.
  L-series fittings are used in less heavily loaded sections of installations where the highest strength parameters are not required.
  The L and S series must be clearly distinguished in the design documentation.
• S (Strong / Schwer) – designation of the reinforced series of pipe fittings intended for operation at higher working pressures.
  S-series fittings are used in more heavily loaded sections of hydraulic power systems, hydraulic units, and high-pressure installations.
  When designing the system, the S or L series should be selected according to the operating pressure requirements and safety factors.
• Distribution box – an installation component that distributes the flow of the working medium among multiple circuits, often integrated with valves and measuring ports.
  The distribution box is used in irrigation systems, underfloor heating systems, and extensive water distribution systems powered by Dambat IBO pumps, enabling zonal flow control.
  Throttling valves, shut-off valves, and flow meters are often installed in distribution boxes.
• Distribution box in industrial installations may also serve to distribute hydraulic power circuits supplying various actuators and technical equipment.
  Combined with Dambat pumps, the distribution box enables flexible expansion of the installation and easier servicing of individual circuits.
  Proper labeling of the circuits in the distribution box makes work easier for installers and service technicians.
• Hydraulic pressure gauge – a measuring instrument used to monitor operating pressure in hydraulic power systems and water installations.
  A hydraulic pressure gauge is usually installed near Dambat pumps, pressure control valves, and tanks to continuously monitor the operating conditions of the installation.
  Selecting the appropriate range for a hydraulic pressure gauge is important for reading accuracy and safe operation.
• Working medium – a general term for a liquid or gas that transfers energy or performs work in a hydraulic, water, or pneumatic system.
  The working medium in installations with Dambat pumps is most often clean water, contaminated water, wastewater, or hydraulic fluid in external control systems.
  When designing the system, always specify the working medium, its temperature, chemical properties, and filtration requirements.
• Working medium affects the selection of materials for pumps, valves, pipes, and seals, including the use of materials such as PTFE, SS, or ZN-NI coatings.
  Changing the working medium in an existing installation requires re-verifying the compatibility of the materials and the operating parameters of the equipment.
  The technical documentation should clearly specify the working medium for each installation circuit.
• Hydraulic power systems – in the context of water and industrial facilities, they often coexist with conventional pumping installations, in which Dambat pumps are responsible for transporting water, while hydraulic power systems control valves and auxiliary equipment.
  Integrating hydraulic power systems with water installations requires a good knowledge of both fields and compliance with the guidelines contained in the international terminology dictionary and the dictionary of basic hydraulic terms used in technical documentation.
  Proper cooperation between these systems increases the energy efficiency and safety of the entire system.
• The European Agreement concerning the carriage of dangerous goods, ADR, is relevant when transporting hydraulic fluids, oils, and other substances used in hydraulic power systems connected to water installations.
  The European Agreement concerning the carriage of dangerous goods sets requirements for packaging, labeling, documentation, and means of transport, which is important for service and installation companies servicing large industrial facilities.
  Applying the rules imposed by the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road is crucial for the safety of people and the environment.
• European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road ADR also affects the procedures for storing and handling liquids in facilities where IBO and IPRO pumps operate.
  The European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road requires appropriately trained personnel and suitable emergency procedures.
  For installers and service technicians, knowledge of ADR requirements is important when planning the logistics of deliveries and the disposal of liquids.
• European Agreement concerning Compliance with the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road is often required in tenders and service contracts for large industrial installations.
  Compliance with ADR regulations also supports environmentally friendly measures and sustainable development.
• European Agreement concerning In facilities using Dambat pumps and hydraulic systems, safety procedures often refer to the standards and definitions adopted in ADR.
  The European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road is therefore indirectly related to the operation of technical equipment in the water and wastewater and industrial sectors.
• International terminology glossary – a collection of standardized definitions and terms used in a given field of technology, facilitating communication between designers, manufacturers, and equipment users.
  The international terminology glossary used in hydraulics and pump technology provides the basis for creating local materials, such as the glossary of basic hydraulic terms prepared for IBO and IPRO pumps.
  Using an international terminology glossary reduces the risk of misunderstandings when interpreting technical documentation.
• Total head – the maximum difference in level between the water surface at the suction side and the point of delivery that the pump can overcome at a given flow rate. Total head is a key parameter when selecting IBO and IPRO pumps for wells, retention tanks, and building installations.
• System H-Q curve – the system characteristic showing the relationship between pressure loss and flow in the pipeline. Comparing the system H-Q curve with the Dambat pump curve makes it possible to check whether the operating point lies within the optimal efficiency range.
• Pump operating point – the intersection of the pump performance curve and the system H-Q curve. A correctly selected operating point for a Dambat pump ensures stable flow, appropriate pressure, and low energy consumption over a long service life.
• Cavitation – the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a liquid, leading to erosion of the pump hydraulics. Cavitation in pumps can cause noise, reduced performance, and impeller damage, so it requires the correct selection of NPSH and operating conditions.
• Major losses – pressure drops resulting from friction between the medium and the pipe walls along straight sections of the pipeline. When designing systems with Dambat pumps, major losses are calculated based on pipe length, DN diameter, and flow velocity.
• Minor losses – pressure drops associated with flow through fittings, valves, filters, and other components. Minor losses have a significant impact on selecting the pump head, particularly in extensive systems with numerous valves and manifolds.
• Flow velocity in the pipe – the ratio of volumetric flow rate to the cross-sectional area of the pipeline. Maintaining the flow velocity within the recommended range prevents erosion, noise, and excessive pressure losses in the system.
• Pressure reserve – the difference between the maximum permissible system pressure and the anticipated operating pressure. Ensuring an adequate pressure reserve increases the safety of systems with pumps and allows for possible system expansion without replacing the equipment.
• Constant-speed characteristic – the pump operating curve at a constant motor speed. For conventional Dambat pumps without a frequency inverter, the constant-speed characteristic is the basis for selection in typical domestic and industrial systems.
• Variable-speed characteristic – a set of pump operating curves for different rotational speeds when using a frequency converter. Thanks to the variable-speed characteristic, the installer can select a control algorithm for the frequency inverter to optimize energy consumption and pressure stability.
• Soft start – a method of starting a motor that limits starting current and hydraulic surges in the system. Using a soft start in systems with larger pumps limits pressure surges in the pipes and extends the service life of fittings and connections.
• NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) – the minimum required suction head that prevents cavitation in the pump at a specified flow rate. Knowledge of NPSH is particularly important when operating Dambat submersible and surface pumps in systems with long suction lines.
• Hydraulic efficiency of the pump – the ratio of the hydraulic power delivered to the medium to the mechanical power absorbed by the pump. Higher hydraulic efficiency of a Dambat pump results in lower energy consumption and reduced operating costs for the system.
• Pump performance curve – a graph showing the relationship between flow rate and head, as well as efficiency and power consumption. Analyzing the performance curve of an IBO or IPRO pump makes it possible to select the optimal operating point in a specific hydraulic system.
• Dry-run protection – a system of sensors and controls that protects the pump from operating without the pumped medium. In systems with Dambat pumps, level probes, pressure switches, or electronic dry-run controllers are used to prevent damage to the hydraulic components and motor.
• Automatic pump capacity regulation – the ability of a pumping system to adjust flow and pressure to changing consumer demand. Automatic regulation can be achieved using an inverter, a pressure controller, and appropriately configured valves in systems with Dambat pumps.
• Pressure-reducing valve – a valve that maintains the pressure in a given section of the system below the set value. A pressure-reducing valve is used to supply circuits with a lower pressure rating from a main line with a higher operating pressure.
• Pump and pressure-boosting system – a set consisting of a pump, pressure tank, fittings, and control equipment that maintains the set pressure in the system. A pump and pressure-boosting system with a Dambat IBO or IPRO pump is a typical solution for single-family homes, farms, and small facilities.
• Automatic air vent valve – a valve that automatically removes air from the system during filling and operation. An automatic air vent valve reduces the risk of air pockets, noise, and flow reductions in systems with circulation and submersible pumps.
• Motor starting current – the momentary current drawn by an electric motor at startup, usually several times higher than the rated current. In water-pump systems, this requires the appropriate selection of overcurrent protection, conductor cross-sections, and, where necessary, the use of a soft starter or inverter.
• Inverter (frequency converter) – a device that changes the motor’s supply frequency and voltage, enabling smooth adjustment of the pump’s rotational speed. Using an inverter in water-pump systems makes it possible to match capacity and pressure to current demand, reduce energy consumption, and minimize water hammer.
• Soft start (soft starting) – an electronic system that limits the motor’s starting current and torque, allowing the pump to start smoothly. Soft start reduces the load on the electrical grid, minimizes water hammer in pipelines, and extends the service life of the fittings and pump coupling.
• Motor insulation class – an indication of the maximum permissible winding temperature, e.g. Class F or H. In water pumps, the appropriate insulation class is important for continuous operation, elevated medium temperatures, and installation in confined technical spaces.
• Motor thermal protection – a system that protects the windings from overheating, such as a thermal switch, PTC sensor, or electronic overload relay. In water pump systems, thermal protection responds to hydraulic overloads, a blocked impeller, or improper motor cooling conditions.
• Electrical dry-run protection – a controller or relay function that analyzes the motor’s current, power, or cos φ to detect operation without medium. Electrical dry-run solutions can replace or supplement level probes in a well, protecting the pump from damage when the water level drops.
• Cos φ (power factor) – a parameter describing the ratio of active power to apparent power drawn by the pump motor. A low cos φ can place an additional load on the network and result in higher charges, which is why reactive power compensation is used in larger water systems.
• Phase control relay – a device that monitors the presence, sequence, and symmetry of phase voltages in a three-phase network. In three-phase pumps, a phase control relay prevents operation in the event of a phase failure or incorrect direction of rotation, which could damage the hydraulics and motor.
• Pump energy class – an energy efficiency indicator determined on the basis of energy consumption under typical operating conditions. In modern water systems, choosing a pump with a higher energy class reduces operating costs and facilitates compliance with building efficiency requirements.
• Motor protection class (IP) – an indication of the enclosure’s resistance to the ingress of foreign objects and water, e.g. IP44, IP68. In Dambat pumps, selecting the appropriate IP class is especially important for outdoor installation, wells, pumping stations, and aggressive environments.
• Technical equipment – a general term for machines, installations, and systems that perform specific functions in industrial, municipal, or construction processes.
  Technical equipment used with IBO and IPRO pumps includes, among other things, filtration systems, heat exchangers, irrigation systems, fire protection systems, and hydraulic power systems.
  Selecting the right pumps and fittings for specific technical equipment requires analyzing their requirements regarding flow rate, operating pressure, and working medium.
• Short pump cycle – the pump switching on and off too frequently at short intervals, usually resulting from an incorrectly selected tank or control hysteresis. Short operating cycles increase wear on the motor and fittings, so installations with Dambat pumps should have an appropriately sized tank and suitable pressure-switch settings.
• Pressure switch hysteresis – the difference between the pump’s cut-in and cut-out pressures set on the pressure switch. A properly selected hysteresis in booster sets limits the number of pump starts, stabilises system pressure, and improves water-use comfort.
• Pump shaft radial load – a force acting transversely on the shaft from the hydraulic side, resulting from flow asymmetry or operation away from the optimum point. Excessive radial load shortens the service life of bearings and seals, so a Dambat pump should be selected to operate as close as possible to the recommended duty point.
• Pump mechanical seal – a set of sliding rings separating the medium chamber from the motor section and ensuring shaft tightness. In Dambat submersible and surface pumps, the correct selection and operation of the mechanical seal are crucial for the tightness and durability of the entire system.
• Pump bypass circuit – an additional pipeline branch enabling part of the medium to flow from the discharge side to the suction side or to a tank, bypassing the main consumer. A bypass circuit is used, among other purposes, to ensure minimum flow through the pump, protect against overheating, and stabilise operation in installations with large fluctuations in demand.
• Gravity-fed system characteristics – the behaviour of a system in which water can flow partly due to a difference in levels without the pump operating. In installations powered by Dambat pumps, accounting for the gravitational component helps optimise power selection and reduce pump operating time.
• System filling time – the time required to fill pipelines and tanks with the working medium from empty to operating condition. This parameter is important when commissioning new installations with Dambat pumps, particularly in fire protection and irrigation systems, where rapid readiness for operation is essential.
• Medium filtration grade – a value specifying the size of solid particles retained by the filter (e.g., in micrometres). Selecting the filtration grade in installations with submersible and circulation pumps helps protect the impeller, seals, and valves from abrasive wear.
• Pump capacity reserve – the percentage capacity margin relative to the system’s current demand. Maintaining a reasonable capacity reserve in projects with Dambat pumps allows the system to be expanded later without causing excessive energy losses during current operation.
• Parallel pump system – a configuration in which two or more pumps operate on a common discharge header, sharing the flow. Parallel pump systems are used in larger water installations to flexibly adjust capacity to changing demand and ensure operational redundancy.

Practical use of the glossary when selecting IBO and IPRO pumps

A glossary of basic hydraulic terms helps installers correctly interpret catalog data and technical data sheets for Dambat IBO and IPRO submersible, pressure booster, and circulation pumps available in the manufacturer's online catalogs.
Understanding terms such as operating pressure, flow rate, hydraulic pipes, safety valve, and storage tank makes it easier to select a pump suited to local operating conditions, the type of working medium, and the specifics of the facility (single-family home, farm, industrial plant).

By understanding the terminology, installers can also navigate the manufacturer's training materials and blog more easily, where modern IBO and IPRO pumps for home heating and domestic hot water, as well as industrial solutions, are described.
In practice, this results in faster equipment selection, fewer complaints, and greater end-user satisfaction with the operation of the pumping system.

Useful links to the Dambat website

• Dambat homepage – information about the manufacturer, products, and news.
• Contact Dambat – contact details for installers and trade partners.
• Dambat IBO pump manufacturer – submersible pumps and service – information about the product range and service.
• Modern IBO and IPRO pumps for home heating – applications in heating and domestic hot water systems.
• Dambat pump service – technical support and repairs.
• IBO pump collection – an overview of models and accessories.
• 6 IPRO 32-200 submersible pump – an example of an IPRO submersible pump.
• 6 IPRO 32-125 submersible pump – an IPRO submersible pump with an IPRO motor.
• Dambat – English version – information for international partners.
• Dambat IBO manufacturer's description – company profile on an industry portal.

FAQ – frequently asked installer questions (expandable answers)