Glossary of basic hydraulic terms - IBO pumps IPRO

Słownik podstawowych pojęć hydraulicznych – pompy Dambat IBO IPRO

Dictionary of basic hydraulic terms for installers of Dambat water pumps (IBO, IPRO) has been prepared as a practical tool helpful in the selection, installation and servicing of pumping installations in housing, agriculture and industry throughout Poland, including the Masovia region and the vicinity of Warsaw.
Key definitions, standards, abbreviations and elements of fittings and accessories that have a direct impact on the selection of the pump, operational safety and durability of the entire hydraulic system have been collected in one place.
Thanks to this, the installer, designer or service technician working with IBO i pumps IPRO can analyze installation parameters faster, select components correctly and minimize the risk of failure.

Glossary of basic hydraulic terms for installers of IBO i pumps IPRO

Dictionary of basic hydraulic terms is a set of practical definitions describing the elements, parameters and standards most often found in pumping, hydrophore and industrial installations cooperating with IBO pumps and IPRO.
Such a dictionary of basic hydraulic terms facilitates communication between the designer, installer and end user, and also allows for precise description of technical requirements in design and service documentation.
An extensive dictionary of basic hydraulic terms is particularly important when working with more complex installations involving multi-pump systems, retention tanks, automation and various working mediums.

In practice, a dictionary of basic hydraulic terms created for a water pump manufacturer such as Dambat must take into account not only pump parameters, but also fittings, hydraulic lines, protections and selection criteria in accordance with the EN 853, EN 856, EN 857 and ISO 18752 standards.
The dictionary of basic hydraulic terms described below has been prepared for real applications of deep-well, surface, circulation and hydrophore pumps IBO and IPRO in residential, commercial and industrial facilities.

How to use a dictionary and look up terms

Below is a list of technical terms related to power hydraulics, pump technology and fittings, the definitions of which have been prepared for work with IBO products and IPRO.
To facilitate the search, a simple filter is placed above the list - entering a fragment of a phrase automatically narrows down the visible items, which allows you to quickly find the term you need when designing or servicing a pumping installation.

Power hydraulics – a field of technology that uses hydraulic fluid to transfer energy and control the operation of actuators, such as a hydraulic actuator or hydrostatic drive in machines cooperating with water and process fluid pumps.
In installations related to IBO i pumps IPRO power hydraulics may be associated with systems controlling valves, flaps or elements regulating the flow of the working medium in industrial processes.
Hydraulic pump – a device that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic fluid pressure energy, generating the required flow and working pressure in the hydraulic system.
A hydraulic pump in the classical sense refers to a power hydraulics drive, but in the context of IBO and pumps IPRO similar selection rules apply to deep-well, hydrophore and circulation pumps, where the key parameters are lifting height, efficiency and working pressure.
A well-selected hydraulic pump or water pump reduces pressure losses in hydraulic lines and ensures stable flow, which translates into lower energy consumption and longer installation life.
Hydraulic system – a complete set of elements, such as a hydraulic pump or water pump, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic valves, hydraulic lines, hydraulic filter and a hydraulic oil tank or water retention tank, which carries out the task of transporting and regulating the flow of the working medium.
Hydraulic system for IBO i pumps IPRO includes both the pump part (submersible pump, hydrophore pump, circulation pump) as well as safety fittings, shut-off valves, non-return valve, safety valve and automation elements such as a pressure switch.
A properly designed hydraulic system takes into account the minimum pipe bending radius, permissible operating pressure, burst pressure and the requirements of EN 853, EN 856, EN 857 and ISO 18752 standards, which ensures safety and reliable operation.
Open layout – a hydraulic system in which the working medium (e.g. hydraulic oil or water) is in contact with the atmosphere, usually through an open retention tank, well or buffer tank.
In the case of installations with IBO i pumps IPRO an open system often refers to water intake systems from open tanks, ponds, fire protection tanks or from partially open technological installations.
When designing an open system, attention should be paid to the selection of aeration valves, protection against dry running of the pump and protection against contamination through an appropriately selected hydraulic filter or pre-filter in the water system.
Closed system – a hydraulic system in which the working medium circulates in a closed circuit without contact with the atmosphere, and pressure changes are controlled by a pressure regulation valve, a pressure regulator and a hydraulic accumulator.
The closed system is typical for power hydraulics, but also for closed heating and cooling installations in which Dambat IBO circulation pumps and pumps operate. IPRO.
In a closed system, it is particularly important to properly select the working pressure, set the safety valve and properly select the hydraulic oil tank or expansion vessel.
Hydraulic valves – a general term for fittings used to control the flow, direction and pressure of the working medium in a hydraulic system, including shut-off, diverting, non-return, safety and throttling valves.
Hydraulic valves in installations cooperating with IBO i pumps IPRO are responsible for protection against excessive pressure, protection against backflow and regulation of flow in individual branches of the system.
The proper selection of hydraulic valves in terms of DN diameters, working pressure and material (e.g. brass, SS - Stainless Steel) is crucial for the durability of the water installation.
Pressure regulating valve – an element of hydraulic fittings that stabilizes the working pressure in a given range by releasing part of the working medium into the hydraulic oil tank or to the suction side of the pump.
The pressure regulation valve is used both in classic power hydraulics installations and in systems with water pumps, where it is necessary to maintain constant pressure in the network, e.g. in Dambat IBO pressure booster sets.
When combined with a component such as a pressure switch and a pressure regulator, the pressure control valve helps protect the pump against overload and excessive line burst pressure.
Pressure regulator – a device that automatically maintains the working pressure at a set level, cooperating with a pump, a pressure regulation valve and a hydraulic accumulator.
Pressure regulator in systems with IBO i pumps IPRO it can take the form of an electronic pump controller, a frequency converter or a classic pressure switch with an on/off function.
The two basic effects that a pressure regulator should ensure are stable flow with variable consumption and protection of the installation against exceeding the permissible operating pressure.
Pressure switch – an automation element that controls the pump operation based on set operating pressure thresholds, most often used in hydrophore sets and small systems with Dambat IBO submersible and surface pumps.
A properly selected pressure switch cooperates with a safety valve and a shut-off valve, ensuring safe start and stop of the pump at specific pressure values in the installation.
In service practice, it is important to periodically check the pressure switch settings to maintain the correct operating pressure range and avoid too frequent pump starts.
Working pressure – pressure value at which the hydraulic system and its components can operate continuously and safely, in accordance with the specifications of the manufacturer of pipes, fittings and pumps.
Operating pressure of installations with Dambat IBO or pumps IPRO should always be compared with data such as WP (Working Pressure), minimum bending radius and burst pressure of the pipes to avoid excessive load on fittings and connectors.
Correctly defined working pressure is a key parameter when designing and expanding water, fire-fighting, industrial and agricultural installations.
Bursting pressure – the pressure value at which a hydraulic hose or other installation element is destroyed as a result of exceeding the permissible stresses, often marked as MBP (Minimum Burst Pressure).
The burst pressure is always higher than the working pressure and WP (Working Pressure), but when designing installations with IBO pumps and IPRO the burst pressure must not be considered as an allowable value for normal operation.
In engineering practice, the burst pressure is compared to the maximum possible pressure generated by the pump and pressure control valve to provide an adequate margin of safety.
WP (Working Pressure) – designation of the maximum working pressure of a pipe or fitting element at a specific temperature of the working medium, used in the technical documentation of hoses, connectors and distributors.
In installations cooperating with IBO i pumps IPRO WP must always be greater than or equal to the required operating pressure parameters of the installation, taking into account possible pressure peaks arising when the valves suddenly close or the pump stops.
The WP (Working Pressure) marking should also refer to standards such as EN 853, EN 856, EN 857 and ISO 18752, which specify the strength requirements for hydraulic hoses.
MBP (Minimum Burst Pressure) – an abbreviation defining the minimum bursting pressure at which a cable or installation element fails during strength tests.
MBP is a key parameter for the certification of hydraulic hoses in accordance with EN 853, EN 856, EN 857 and ISO 18752, and for designers of installations with IBO pumps and IPRO constitutes a reference value for assessing the safety margin.
In normal operation of the installation, the aim is for the operating pressure to remain significantly lower than the MBP, which ensures long-term, failure-free operation.
Flow – the amount of the working medium (e.g. water, hydraulic oil) flowing through the cross-section of the pipe or device per unit of time, most often expressed in m³/h or l/min.
Flow is one of the two key parameters, next to operating pressure, when selecting IBO i pumps IPRO for specific applications such as water supply for buildings, watering gardens, Power supply industrial installations or sprinkler systems.
Too small cross-section of hydraulic lines, incorrect minimum bending radius or poorly selected throttle valves may cause flow drops, increased pressure losses and incorrect pump operation.
Flow in the technical documentation of pumps it is often presented in the form of a Q-H characteristic, where for a given pump Dambat IBO or IPRO the relationship between efficiency and lifting height is given.
When analyzing the flow, the installer should take into account not only the demand of the collection points, but also the type of hydraulic system (open or closed system), the length and diameter of the pipes, the number of fittings and losses on valves and filters.
Maintaining proper flow throughout the entire cross-section of the installation helps avoid cavitation, excessive heating of the pump and noise in the lines.
Flow in systems with power hydraulics, it is also a parameter that determines the speed of extension and retraction of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder and a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, which is important in industrial applications related to the transport and processing of media.
In this type of applications, the flow is often controlled using throttle valves, an adjustable throttle valve or a one-way throttle-return valve, which enable precise regulation of the speed of actuator movement.
In installations with Dambat pumps, where the flow in process and water hydraulics overlaps, the cooperation of the water system designer and a power hydraulics specialist is important.
Flow in the context of systems with IBO i water pumps IPRO should always be analyzed together with the NPSH parameter, suction height and linear and local losses to ensure stable operation of the pump without cavitation phenomena.
When modernizing existing installations, increasing the flow may require replacing hydraulic lines with larger DN, optimizing the pipeline route and correcting the settings of the pressure control valve and throttle valves.
Flow monitoring using flow meters and automation systems allows you to constantly verify the actual performance of the water installation.
Flow in fire protection systems using Dambat IBO pumps requires special attention because it must meet the requirements of relevant standards and regulations, including those related to the European agreement on the transport of hazardous materials ADR, when flammable or aggressive media are present in the environment of the installation.
Although the water pumps themselves most often work with water as the working medium, the flow in such installations should also be analyzed in terms of the possibility of connecting temporary power hydraulics systems, powering technical equipment or emergency power supply to retention tanks.
In such situations, the flow must be stable even in the event of partial damage to the installation, which requires appropriate division of the system into sections with shut-off valves and distribution valves.
Flow in agricultural installations, e.g. when irrigating fields and orchards using Dambat IBO deep-well and surface pumps, is a parameter depending on the type of sprinklers, drip systems and the capacity of retention tanks.
In this type of applications, the flow is often zone-regulated using a distribution box and non-adjustable or adjustable throttle valves, and the correct design of the network ensures uniform irrigation with minimal energy losses.
When analyzing the flow in agricultural systems, it is also worth taking into account the possibility of expanding the system with additional irrigation sections and checking whether the parameters of the Dambat IBO pumps allow for such expansion without replacing the device.
Flow in hot water and heating installations in which IBO i circulation pumps operate IPRO, it must be matched to the power of the heat source, the length of the cycles and the required thermal comfort in the rooms.
Too low a flow causes underheating of the furthest circuits, while too high a flow may lead to noise in the installation, increased energy consumption and erosion of the internal surfaces of the pipes.
Flow regulation is most often carried out using throttle valves, pressure control valves and modern electronic pumps controlled by the pressure difference.
Throttle valve – a valve used to limit the flow by partially closing the flow cross-section of the working medium, used to regulate the flow speed in hydraulic lines or water pipelines.
The throttle valve is used at points where precise flow regulation is required, e.g. when distributing it to heating circuits, irrigation sections or inflows to heat exchangers in installations cooperating with Dambat pumps.
Improper setting of the throttle valve may cause excessive pressure losses, noise and uneven flow distribution in the installation.
Throttle valve in industrial installations, it often works with a pressure switch, flow regulators and temperature sensors to maintain optimal process conditions in systems with IBO pumps and IPRO.
In power hydraulics, the throttle valve can influence the speed of movement of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder or a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, which is important for precise positioning of technical devices.
The selection of the diameter and type of throttle valve should always be correlated with the flow and working pressure requirements in a given part of the installation.
Throttle valve in water installations powered by submersible pumps, Dambat IBO is often used in the discharge section to limit the flow when the well capacity is lower than the pump capacity.
This solution allows you to adjust the flow to the water intake capacity, but at the same time requires controlling the operating pressure and ensuring that the pump does not operate too far from its optimal point.
When using a throttle valve in well installations, it is also worth considering the use of level sensors and protection against dry running.
Throttle valve used in installations with aggressive or high-temperature media, it should be made of corrosion-resistant materials, such as SS (Stainless Steel) or have a ZN-NI coating, which increases its resistance to operating conditions.
When used with Dambat pumps in the food, chemical or heating industries, the throttle valve must have appropriate material and temperature approvals in accordance with the process requirements.
Selection of the appropriate throttle valve in such applications often requires consultation with the fitting manufacturer and the pump manufacturer.
Throttle valve can also be found as an element supporting the balancing of the installation, e.g. in complex heating systems with multiple circuits, where it cooperates with IBO and IBO circulation pumps. IPRO.
In such systems, the throttle valve allows you to initially set the flow in a given circuit and then maintain it regardless of how many other circuits are currently in operation.
It is important for the installer to properly document the setting after adjusting the throttle valve, which facilitates subsequent service and modernization.
Throttle valve not adjustable – a valve whose flow characteristics are constant, resulting from the design and cross-section, without the possibility of smooth adjustment by the user.
The non-adjustable throttle valve is used where it is desired to introduce a specific, constant pressure loss, e.g. to limit the flow to a specific branch of the installation with the Dambat IBO pump, without the need for frequent adjustments.
The non-adjustable throttle valve can also be used in safety systems where it is important to maintain a specific minimum flow through the heat exchanger or technical equipment.
Throttle valve not adjustable it is sometimes made in the form of a special orifice mounted in the pipe, which, thanks to a selected hole, generates an appropriate pressure loss at a given flow.
In installations with pumps IPRO, especially in industry, a non-adjustable throttle valve is preferred where stability of parameters is required and minimization of the risk of accidental change of the setting by the operator.
A non-adjustable throttle valve works well with automation because its flow characteristics are predictable and repeatable.
Throttle valve not adjustable can act as a protective device for Dambat pumps in situations where there is a risk of a sudden increase in flow, e.g. after a sudden opening of a large end valve in the network.
A properly selected non-adjustable throttle valve limits the flow, protecting the installation against water hammer and working pressure fluctuations.
In design practice, it is worth using simulations or hydraulic calculations to select the parameters of such a valve.
Throttle valve not adjustable it is also used in bypass circuits in heating and cooling installations in which Dambat IBO circulation pumps operate, ensuring minimum flow through the pump even when all control valves are closed.
This solution prevents the pump from overheating, cavitation and operation with a closed valve, which shortens the life of the device.
The non-adjustable throttle valve in the bypass circuit should be selected to provide the pump manufacturer with the minimum required flow.
One-way throttle-return valve – a valve combining the function of throttling the flow in one direction with the function of a non-return valve in the opposite direction, often used in power hydraulics to regulate the speed of a hydraulic actuator.
A one-way throttle valve allows you to limit the flow in one direction of movement, and allows free flow in the opposite direction, which is important in systems where different speeds of movement are required for the advancement and return of a single-acting or double-acting hydraulic cylinder.
In water installations with Dambat pumps, such valves may appear in specialized automatic systems for shut-off valves or flaps.
Adjustable throttle valve – a valve allowing for smooth regulation of the degree of flow throttling, and thus precise adjustment of the flow to the requirements of the system.
The adjustable throttle valve is widely used in heating, cooling and industrial installations cooperating with IBO pumps and IPRO, where manual flow regulation in individual branches is required.
Correct setting of an adjustable throttle valve most often requires pressure or flow measurements to achieve the assumed installation operating parameters.
Shut-off valve – a basic element of the fitting used to completely cut off the flow of the working medium, used for servicing, modernization and protection of individual sections of the installation.
The shut-off valve is installed on IBO i pumps IPRO on the suction and discharge sides, at retention tanks, hydraulic oil tanks and at key branches of the hydraulic system.
For operational safety, it is important that the shut-off valve is easily accessible to the operator and marked in accordance with the installation documentation.
Diverting valve – a valve controlling the flow direction of the working medium, allowing you to switch the flow between different branches of the system, e.g. between the retention tank and the power supply network.
The diverting valve can operate manually or automatically, and in combination with IBO i pumps IPRO used to switch over standby pumps, change flow direction or switch between different tank levels.
In more advanced installations, the diverting valve is controlled by a control valve or master automation modules.
Control valve – a general term for a valve responsible for controlling the operating parameters of the system, such as working pressure, flow or direction of the medium.
The control valve in installations with Dambat pumps can be controlled electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically, and its operation is linked to signals from pressure, temperature and flow sensors.
In power hydraulics, the control valve plays a key role in controlling the movement of hydraulic actuators and the operation of hydrostatic drives.
Safety valve – a valve that opens automatically when the set pressure value is exceeded, protecting the hydraulic system and technical devices against damage.
In installations with IBO i pumps IPRO a safety valve is usually mounted on the discharge port or near the tank to provide relief of excess pressure to a retention tank or to a safe point.
Regular inspection of the safety valve settings and its efficiency is crucial for the safety of users and installers.
Check valve – a valve that allows the working medium to pass only in one direction, protecting the pump and installation against reverse flow.
The non-return valve on Dambat IBO submersible and surface pumps is usually installed in the discharge section to prevent the pipeline from emptying when the pump is stopped and to reduce water hammer.
A check valve is an essential element in every installation with a pump, regardless of the type of working medium.
Check valve it is also used in systems with a hydraulic accumulator, in which its task is to maintain pressure in part of the installation after the pump is turned off or during a failure.
In these applications, the check valve works in conjunction with the safety valve, pressure control valve and pressure switch to form a complete pressure protection system.
For proper operation, it is important that the check valve is sized for permissible operating pressure and flow.
Aeration valve – a valve allowing air to enter the installation in order to equalize pressure or vent the system, which is important both in water installations and in some power hydraulic systems.
The air admittance valve in installations with Dambat IBO pumps is often installed at the top of water installations, at retention tanks or on long pipelines to prevent air accumulation and air jams.
Proper operation of the air vent valve improves flow stability and eliminates noise associated with the movement of air bubbles.
Anti-contamination valve – a valve used to protect the drinking water installation against the return flow of contaminated working medium from the industrial or technological part.
The anti-contamination valve is particularly important in installations where IBO pumps and IPRO they supply water to technological systems where it may come into contact with chemicals or other pollutants.
The anti-contamination valve should be installed in accordance with applicable regulations and design guidelines.
Hydraulic fluid – working medium used in power hydraulics, most often in the form of hydraulic oil with appropriate viscosity, aging resistance and lubricating properties.
Properly selected hydraulic fluid ensures proper operation of the hydraulic pump, hydraulic cylinders and valves, and its properties affect the efficiency of the entire hydraulic system.
In installations related to Dambat pumps, where water systems and hydraulic fluid systems occur in parallel, it is important to clearly demarcate the circuits and correctly label the working medium.
Hydraulic fluid is selected in terms of the operating temperature range, type of seals, material compatibility and the required level of anti-corrosion protection of power hydraulics elements.
In systems where Dambat pumps power technical devices that require an external power hydraulics system, the proper selection of hydraulic fluid affects the life of hydraulic cylinders and control valves.
Regularly replacing the hydraulic fluid and monitoring its condition are crucial to maintaining high system reliability.
Hydraulic fluid requires filtration using a hydraulic filter, which removes solid impurities that may lead to wear of pumps, valves and actuators.
In projects combining Dambat water pumps with power hydraulic systems, separate circuits with their own hydraulic filter and hydraulic oil tank are often used, which minimizes the risk of contamination of the water system with oil and vice versa.
The selection of the filtration level should be adapted to the requirements of hydraulic component manufacturers and the requirements of industry standards.
Hydraulic fluid it must be stored in appropriate tanks protected against moisture and contamination, and in accordance with the requirements for hazardous substances specified in the European Agreement on the Transport of Hazardous Goods ADR.
In industrial installations where hydraulic fluid and water are used simultaneously as the working medium, it is important to ensure appropriate safety procedures for operation and service.
Proper management of hydraulic fluid reduces breakdowns and environmental impact.
Hydraulic cylinder – an actuating element of a hydraulic system that converts the energy of hydraulic fluid pressure into linear motion, used in many technical devices cooperating with pumping systems.
The hydraulic actuator can work in installations where Dambat IBO pumps indirectly power hydraulic systems through a hydraulic unit or a hydrostatic drive.
When selecting a hydraulic cylinder, take into account the maximum operating pressure, stroke, force and type of seals.
Hydraulic cylinder works with control valves, a pressure regulation valve and a throttle valve that control its speed and direction of movement.
In industrial applications connected to water systems, a hydraulic actuator can, for example, control gate valves, flaps or other fittings that regulate the flow of water pumped by Dambat IBO pumps.
Correct integration of a hydraulic actuator with a water installation requires taking into account both hydraulics parameters and water flow characteristics.
Single-acting hydraulic cylinder – an actuator in which the hydraulic fluid acts only on one side of the piston, and the return is most often achieved by a spring or gravity.
A single-acting hydraulic cylinder is used where a simple extension function is required, e.g. in lifting mechanisms for gate valves, dampers or in simple technical devices cooperating indirectly with pump systems.
In projects related to water installations, it is important that the range of movement of the single-acting hydraulic actuator is correlated with the required opening range of the fittings.
Single-acting hydraulic cylinder it often works with a one-way throttle-return valve, which allows you to limit the advance speed while allowing free return.
This solution is used in applications requiring controlled opening of water fittings, e.g. to avoid water hammer when opening the flow too quickly.
In projects integrating single-acting hydraulic actuators with water installations of Dambat pumps, it is also important to ensure appropriate protection against mechanical overload.
Double acting hydraulic cylinder – an actuator in which hydraulic fluid acts on both sides of the piston, enabling control of both the extension and retraction movement.
A double-acting hydraulic cylinder is used in more complex technical devices where full position control is required, e.g. when controlling large gate valves in retention tanks or dampers in water channels.
Integration of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder with Dambat pumping systems requires properly designed hydraulic lines and control valves.
Double acting hydraulic cylinder is also used in drives that enable precise flow control in technological installations, where Dambat pumps provide the working medium for production processes.
In such systems, a double-acting hydraulic cylinder cooperates with distribution valves, safety valves and hydraulic accumulators, creating a complete control system.
The selection of actuator parameters should take into account the maximum working pressure and the frequency of work cycles.
Hydraulic accumulator – a tank that stores energy in the form of compressed hydraulic fluid, most often using a membrane, piston or gas bladder.
The hydraulic accumulator is used in hydraulic systems to dampen hydraulic shocks, stabilize operating pressure and provide short-term flow peaks without the need to oversize the hydraulic pump.
In installations cooperating with Dambat water pumps, the hydraulic accumulator can be used in external power hydraulic systems controlling the fittings.
Hydraulic accumulator it must be selected in terms of capacity, maximum working pressure and the type of working medium used, which has a direct impact on the operational safety of the system.
In combination with the safety valve, pressure regulation valve and pressure switch, the hydraulic accumulator creates a pressure stabilization system in the installation.
For proper operation, it is important to periodically check the pressure in the gas part and the tightness of the hydraulic accumulator.
Hydrostatic drive – a drive transmission system in which the hydraulic pump creates a flow of hydraulic fluid that drives the hydraulic motor, creating a closed hydraulic system.
The hydrostatic drive is used in many working machines that can operate with water installations powered by Dambat pumps, e.g. in construction and agricultural equipment used in the construction and servicing of retention tanks.
In such applications, it is important that the parameters of the hydrostatic drive are coordinated with the requirements of technical devices working with water.
Hydrokinetic drive – a system that uses the dynamic force of fluids in hydrodynamic clutches and transmissions to transmit torque.
The hydrokinetic drive can be used in large pumping station installations where smooth starts and vibration damping are needed when operating high-power pumps, including Dambat IBO industrial pumps.
When designing a hydrokinetic drive, it is important to analyze the load characteristics and pump starting conditions.
Hydraulic unit – a set consisting of a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil tank, filters, valves and a control system, used to power hydraulic systems.
The hydraulic unit can work with water installations with Dambat pumps when it is required to control large hydraulic actuators responsible for the operation of gate valves, flaps or other large water fittings elements.
The selection of a hydraulic unit should take into account the required flow, working pressure and operating environmental conditions.
Hydraulic oil tank – a tank intended for storing hydraulic fluid, equipped with connection pipes, venting and control elements.
The hydraulic oil tank is part of the hydraulic unit and must be appropriately sized to ensure proper cooling and degassing of the hydraulic fluid during installation operation.
In industrial installations operating in parallel with water systems, it is important that the hydraulic oil tank is protected against the possibility of oil accidentally entering the water system.
Retention tank – a tank intended to collect water in order to equalize the balance of flows, limit the outflow of rainwater or secure an appropriate amount of water for fire protection and process installations.
The retention tank often works with IBO i pumps IPRO, that ensure the flow of water to distribution networks, irrigation systems or industrial installations, and its capacity must be selected in terms of the required flow and the time to maintain the operation of the installation.
When designing a retention tank, environmental requirements and local building regulations should also be taken into account.
Hydraulic lines – flexible or rigid conduits used to transmit hydraulic fluid or water, designed in accordance with EN 853, EN 856, EN 857 and ISO 18752 standards.
Hydraulic lines in installations cooperating with IBO i pumps IPRO they must be selected in terms of working pressure, burst pressure, minimum bending radius and resistance to the working medium and temperature.
Correct installation of hydraulic hoses requires maintaining a minimum bending radius and using appropriate connectors and fittings.
Minimum bending radius – the smallest permissible radius under which a hydraulic hose can be bent without the risk of damaging it or excessive flow restriction.
The minimum bending radius should always be observed when installing hydraulic hoses in installations with Dambat pumps, especially in tight technical spaces and wells, to avoid crushing the hose.
The manufacturer of hydraulic hoses provides the minimum bending radius in the documentation, and if it is exceeded, the life of the hose will be shortened.
Minimum bending radius it directly affects pressure losses and flow in the conduit, therefore, when designing the hydraulic conduit route, avoid too sharp bends and use an appropriate number of fittings or guide holders.
In installations with Dambat IBO pumps, where the cables are run in shafts, wells or technical channels, maintaining a minimum bending radius is crucial for the reliability of the system.
The minimum bending radius becomes particularly important in the case of cables operating under high working pressure and dynamic loads.
EN 853 – European standard specifying the requirements for steel-braided hydraulic hoses, including pressure range, strength tests and working conditions.
Cables compliant with EN 853 are used in many hydraulic systems that can work with pumping installations, e.g. in machines operating retention tanks or water systems with Dambat pumps.
The selection of EN 853 cables should take into account the required working pressure, temperature of the working medium and ambient conditions.
EN 853 is also important when designing hydraulic units and hydrostatic drives serving water fittings in industrial installations with Dambat IBO pumps.
EN 853 hoses provide an adequate safety margin between working pressure and burst pressure, which is crucial for long-term operation.
It is worth clearly indicating the class of cables in the design documentation to avoid mistakes at the assembly stage.
EN 853 is also used in situations where power hydraulics and water installations are installed in parallel in one facility, and hydraulic cables are run close to Dambat pumping installations.
In such cases, it is important to maintain appropriate distances, shields and fire protection in accordance with applicable regulations.
Meeting the requirements of EN 853 also facilitates subsequent certification and acceptance of the installation by external entities.
EN 856 – European standard for hydraulic hoses with spiral reinforcement, intended for operation at high working pressures.
Cables compliant with EN 856 are used in systems requiring large flows and high pressure, e.g. in heavy power hydraulics working with large technical devices in industrial plants.
In the context of water installations with Dambat pumps, EN 856 tubing can be used in external hydraulic control systems for large gate valves and dampers.
EN 857 – a standard specifying requirements for hydraulic hoses of smaller diameter used in systems with moderate working pressure.
Cables compliant with EN 857 can be used in compact power hydraulics systems associated with smaller technical devices supporting water installations with IBO pumps and IPRO.
The selection of EN 857 cables should take into account both the required operating parameters, installation conditions and the minimum bending radius.
ISO 18752 – an international standard classifying hydraulic hoses according to pressure classes and operating conditions, regardless of the hose construction.
The use of cables compliant with ISO 18752 allows for the unification of the selection of cables in installations connecting various types of pumps, including Dambat water pumps and power hydraulic systems serving fittings and technical devices.
The ISO 18752 standard simplifies design and service documentation, especially in facilities with complex infrastructure.
Hydraulic connectors – elements connecting hydraulic lines with fittings, distributors and devices, available in many thread and diameter standards.
Hydraulic connectors in installations with Dambat pumps must be selected in terms of working pressure, thread type (e.g. BSP, NPT, JIC), material (SS - Stainless Steel, ZN-NI coating) and the required tightness class.
The correct selection of hydraulic connectors is crucial for the safety and durability of the entire system.
Male end – a component of a hydraulic or pipe connector that has an external thread or shape adapted to a female fitting.
The male fitting is used when connecting hydraulic lines and pipelines to Dambat pumps, valves and distribution boxes, and its type (e.g. BSP, NPT, JIC) must be consistent with the design requirements.
Correct marking of the OD and DN diameter facilitates the selection of compatible fittings.
Female end – a connector element with an internal thread or socket designed to work with a male terminal.
The female end is used in valves, Dambat pump stubs and fittings, and its correct selection is important for the tightness and resistance of the connection to working pressure.
Different standards of female fittings are used in water and plumbing installations, so accurate marking is important at the design stage.
BSP (British Standard Pipe) – a standard of pipe threads commonly used in Europe in hydraulic connectors and fittings.
BSP threads are often used in IBO i pump connections IPRO and in valves and distributors of water and hydraulic installations.
When selecting components, pay attention to whether a parallel or conical BSP thread is used.
NPT (National Pipe Thread) – American standard for pipe threads with a conical profile, used in many hydraulic and pneumatic elements.
When integrating equipment from different markets with Dambat pump installations, it may be necessary to use adapters between NPT and BSP threads, which requires the attention of the installer.
Improper combination of different thread standards can lead to leaks and damage to the installation.
JIC (Joint Industries Council) – standard connectors with 37° conical seal, often used in power hydraulics.
JIC connectors ensure high tightness at high operating pressures, which is important in hydraulic units working with water installations with Dambat pumps.
When designing, the compatibility of JIC connectors with other fittings should be taken into account.
DN (Diameter Nominal) – designation of the nominal internal diameter of pipes and fittings, commonly used in the technical documentation of pipe installations.
The selection of the DN diameter for pipelines powered by Dambat pumps has a direct impact on the flow, flow speed and pressure losses in the installation.
Proper selection of DN is one of the key stages of designing a hydraulic system.
OD (Outside Diameter) – marking the outer diameter of pipes and lines, often used when selecting hydraulic connectors and fastenings.
Knowledge of OD is essential when transitioning between different connection systems and thread standards in Dambat pump installations.
OD should always be combined with DN to avoid mistakes when ordering fittings and connectors.
HP (High Pressure) – marking of elements intended for operation at high working pressure, typically in power hydraulics.
Elements marked as HP are used in systems of hydraulic units and actuators that can cooperate with water installations in industry and water infrastructure.
When designing the system, ensure that all components in the high-pressure section meet HP requirements.
LP (Low Pressure) – marking of components operating at low operating pressure, typical for return, venting or auxiliary installations.
In installations with Dambat pumps, LP elements are used, among others: in deaeration circuits, return to retention tank and in low load control sections.
Correctly distinguishing HP and LP zones in the installation is important from the point of view of safety and economics of component selection.
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) – material with very good chemical and thermal resistance, used, among others, for seals and inserts in valves and connectors.
In water and process installations cooperating with Dambat pumps, PTFE elements are used especially where the working medium may be chemically aggressive or operates at elevated temperatures.
PTFE ensures long seal life and low friction.
SS (Stainless Steel) – marking of stainless steel used for the production of pump elements, fittings and connectors exposed to corrosion.
In IBO i pumps IPRO elements such as shafts or housings are often made of stainless steel, which ensures corrosion resistance and extends the life of the device.
In drinking water installations and aggressive industrial environments, SS is the material of choice.
ZN-NI – zinc-nickel coating used on steel elements, increasing corrosion resistance in difficult working conditions.
ZN-NI is often used on hydraulic connectors, screw connections and fastening elements in installations with Dambat pumps operating outdoors or in aggressive environments.
The selection of elements with a ZN-NI coating reduces the risk of corrosion and leaks in the long term.
DNV – mark related to Det Norske Veritas certification, used for components that meet the requirements of the maritime and offshore industry.
In the context of Dambat pumps and water installations, DNV-certified components can be used in port, shipyard and marine installations where high safety standards are required.
DNV requirements often apply to cables, connectors and valves operating in difficult environmental conditions.
L (Light / Leicht) – designation of a light series of pipe connectors used in hydraulic systems with moderate pressures.
L series connectors are used in less loaded parts of the installation, where the highest strength parameters are not required.
The design documentation should clearly distinguish the L series from the S series.
S (Strong / Schwer) – designation of a reinforced series of pipe connectors designed to operate at higher working pressures.
S series connectors are used in more heavily loaded parts of power hydraulics systems, hydraulic units and high-pressure installations.
When designing, select the S or L series according to the working pressure requirements and safety factors.
Distribution box – an installation element that allows the flow of the working medium to be divided into multiple circuits, often integrated with valves and measuring connections.
The distribution box is used in irrigation installations, underfloor heating and in extensive water distribution systems powered by Dambat IBO pumps, enabling zone flow control.
Throttle valves, shut-off valves and flow meters are often installed in distribution boxes.
Distribution box in industrial installations, it can also function as a separation of power hydraulic circuits supplying various actuators and technical devices.
In combination with Dambat pumps, the distribution box enables flexible expansion of the installation and easier servicing of individual circuits.
Appropriate marking of circuits in the distribution box facilitates the work of installers and service technicians.
Hydraulic pressure gauge – a measuring device used to monitor working pressure in power hydraulics systems and water installations.
A hydraulic pressure gauge is usually installed near Dambat pumps, pressure control valves and tanks to constantly monitor the operating conditions of the installation.
The proper selection of the range of a hydraulic pressure gauge is important for reading accuracy and safety of use.
Working medium – a general term for a liquid or gas that transfers energy or performs work in a hydraulic, water or pneumatic system.
The working medium in installations with Dambat pumps is most often clean water, contaminated water, sewage or hydraulic fluid in external control systems.
When designing a system, always determine the working medium, its temperature, chemical properties and filtration requirements.
Working medium influences the selection of materials for pumps, fittings, cables and seals, including the use of materials such as PTFE, SS or ZN-NI coatings.
Changing the working medium in an existing installation requires re-verification of the compatibility of materials and device operating parameters.
The technical documentation should clearly indicate the working medium for each installation circuit.
Power hydraulics – in the context of water and industrial facilities, it often coexists with classic pumping installations, in which Dambat pumps are responsible for water transport, and power hydraulics systems control fittings and auxiliary devices.
Integration of power hydraulics with water installations requires good knowledge of both fields and adherence to the guidelines contained in the international terminological dictionary and the dictionary of basic hydraulic terms used in technical documentation.
Proper cooperation of these systems increases the energy efficiency and safety of the entire system.
European agreement regarding transport of hazardous materials ADR is important in the transport of hydraulic fluids, oils and other substances used in power hydraulic systems related to water installations.
The European agreement on the transport of hazardous materials specifies requirements for packaging, marking, documentation and means of transport, which is important for service and installation companies operating large industrial facilities.
The application of the rules imposed by the European agreement on the transport of hazardous materials is crucial for the safety of people and the environment.
European agreement regarding international transport of dangerous goods by road ADR also affects the procedures for storing and operating liquids in facilities where IBO pumps and IPRO.
The European agreement on the transport of hazardous materials requires the use of appropriately trained personnel and appropriate emergency procedures.
For installers and service technicians, knowledge of ADR requirements is important when planning the logistics of supply and disposal of liquids.
European agreement regarding Compliance with the European Agreement on the Transport of Hazardous Materials is often required in tenders and service contracts for large industrial installations.
Compliance with ADR regulations also supports pro-ecological activities and sustainable development.
European agreement regarding In facilities using Dambat pumps and hydraulic systems, safety procedures often refer to the standards and definitions adopted in ADR.
The European agreement on the transport of hazardous materials is therefore indirectly related to the operation of technical equipment in the water, sewage and industrial sectors.
International terminological dictionary – a set of standardized definitions and concepts used in a given field of technology, facilitating communication between designers, manufacturers and users of devices.
The international dictionary of terminology used in hydraulics and pumping technology is the basis for creating local studies, such as the dictionary of basic hydraulic terms prepared for IBO pumps and IPRO.
Using an international terminology dictionary reduces the risk of misunderstandings when interpreting technical documentation.
Lifting height – the maximum level difference between the suction water table and the collection point that the pump can cover at a given flow. Lifting height is a key parameter when selecting IBO i pumps IPRO for wells, retention tanks and building installations.
H-Q curve of the system – installation characteristics showing the relationship between pressure drop and flow in the pipeline. Comparing the system's H-Q curve with the Dambat pump's curve allows you to check whether the operating point is within the optimal efficiency range.
Pump operating point – intersection of the pump characteristic curve and the H-Q curve of the installation. A correctly selected operating point of the Dambat pump ensures stable flow, appropriate pressure and low energy consumption over a long period of operation.
Cavitation – the phenomenon of formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in the liquid, leading to erosion of the pump hydraulics. Cavitation in pumps can cause noise, loss of efficiency and damage to the impeller, therefore it requires the correct selection of NPSH and operating conditions.
Linear losses – pressure drops resulting from the friction of the medium against the pipe walls on straight sections of the pipeline. When designing installations with Dambat pumps, linear losses are calculated based on the length of the pipes, DN diameter and flow speed.
Local losses – pressure drops associated with flow through fittings, valves, filters and other fittings. Local losses have a significant impact on the selection of pump lifting height, especially in complex systems with many valves and distributors.
Flow speed in the pipe – ratio of volume flow to the cross-sectional area of the pipeline. Maintaining the flow rate within the recommended range prevents erosion phenomena, noise and excessive pressure losses in the installation.
Pressure reserve – the difference between the maximum permissible system pressure and the expected working pressure. Providing an appropriate pressure reserve increases the safety of pump installations and allows for possible expansion of the system without replacing the devices.
Constant speed characteristic – pump operation curve at constant engine speed. For classic Dambat pumps without a frequency converter, the constant-speed characteristic is the basis for selection in typical home and industrial installations.
Variable speed characteristics – a set of pump operation curves for various rotational speeds using a frequency converter. Thanks to the variable speed characteristic, the installer can select the inverter control algorithm to optimize energy consumption and pressure stability.
Soft start – a method of starting the engine that limits the starting current and hydraulic surges in the installation. The use of soft start in systems with larger pumps reduces pressure surges in lines and extends the life of fittings and connectors.
NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) – the minimum required suction pressure head that prevents cavitation in the pump at a given flow. Knowledge of NPSH is particularly important when operating Dambat submersible and surface pumps in systems with long suction lines.
Hydraulic efficiency of the pump – the ratio of the hydraulic power delivered to the medium to the mechanical power absorbed by the pump. The higher hydraulic efficiency of the Dambat pump translates into lower energy consumption and lower operating costs of the installation.
Pump characteristic curve – graph of the relationship between flow and lifting height as well as efficiency and power consumption. IBO or pump characteristic curve analysis IPRO allows you to select the optimal operating point in a specific hydraulic system.
Dry-running protection – sensor and automation system protecting the pump against operation without the working medium. Dambat pump installations use level probes, pressure switches or electronic dry-running controllers to prevent damage to the hydraulics and engine.
Autoregulation of pump performance – the ability of the pumping system to adjust the flow and pressure to the changing demand of consumers. Autoregulation can be performed using an inverter, a pressure regulator and appropriately configured valves in installations with Dambat pumps.
Pressure reducing valve – a valve that maintains the pressure in a given section of the installation below the set value. The pressure reducing valve is used when supplying circuits with a lower pressure class from a main with a higher working pressure.
Pump and hydrophore system – a set consisting of a pump, pressure tank, fittings and automation that maintains the set pressure in the installation. Pumping and hydrophore system with a Dambat IBO or pump IPRO is a typical solution for single-family houses, farms and small enterprises.
Automatic air vent valve – a valve that automatically removes air from the installation during its filling and operation. The automatic vent valve reduces the risk of air locks, noise and flow drops in systems with circulation and submersible pumps.
Motor starting current – the instantaneous current consumed by the electric motor at the moment of starting, usually many times higher than the rated current. In installations with water pumps, this requires appropriate selection of overcurrent protection, cable cross-sections and the possible use of a soft start or inverter.
Inverter (frequency converter) – a device that changes the frequency and voltage of the engine supply, enabling smooth regulation of the pump speed. The use of an inverter in installations with water pumps allows you to adjust the capacity and pressure to the momentary demand, reduce energy consumption and reduce hydraulic shocks.
Soft start (soft start) – an electronic system that limits the motor starting current and torque, thanks to which the pump starts smoothly. Soft start reduces the load on the electrical network, reduces water hammer in pipelines and extends the life of fittings and pump couplings.
Motor insulation class – marking the maximum permissible temperature of the windings, e.g. class F, H. In water pumps, the appropriate insulation class is important for continuous operation, elevated medium temperature and for installation in tight technical spaces.
Motor thermal protection – a system that protects the windings against overheating, e.g. thermal switch, PTC sensor or electronic overload relay. In installations with water pumps, thermal protection responds to hydraulic overloads, blocked impeller or incorrect engine cooling conditions.
Degree of protection against dry running (electric) – a function of a controller or relay that analyzes the current, power or cos φ of the motor to detect operation without a medium. Dry-running electrical solutions can replace or supplement well level probes, protecting the pump from damage when water levels drop.
Cos φ (power factor) – a parameter describing the ratio of active to apparent power consumed by the pump motor. Low cos φ may cause additional load on the network and higher fees, which is why reactive power compensation is used in larger water installations.
Phase control relay – a device that monitors the presence, sequence and symmetry of phase voltages in a three-phase network. In three-phase pumps, the phase control relay prevents operation when one phase is missing or the direction of rotation is incorrect, which could damage the hydraulics and the motor.
Pump energy class – energy efficiency index determined on the basis of energy consumption in typical working conditions. In modern water installations, choosing a pump with a higher energy class reduces operating costs and makes it easier to meet building efficiency requirements.
Motor protection class (IP) – marking the resistance of the motor housing to the ingress of foreign bodies and water, e.g. IP44, IP68. In Dambat pumps, the selection of the appropriate IP class is important, especially when installed outdoors, in wells, pumping stations and aggressive environments.
Technical devices – a general term for machines, installations and systems that perform specific functions in industrial, municipal or construction processes.
Technical devices compatible with IBO i pumps IPRO include, among others: filtration systems, heat exchangers, irrigation installations, fire protection systems and power hydraulics systems.
The correct selection of pumps and fittings for specific technical devices requires an analysis of their requirements regarding flow, working pressure and working medium.
Short pump duty cycle – too frequent switching on and off of the pump in short intervals, usually resulting from an incorrectly selected tank or control hysteresis. A short duty cycle increases the wear of the engine and fittings, therefore, in installations with Dambat pumps, the appropriate tank capacity and pressure switch settings should be selected.
Pressure switch hysteresis – the difference between the pump activation and deactivation pressure set on the pressure switch. Properly selected hysteresis in hydrophore sets limits the number of pump starts, stabilizes the pressure in the installation and improves the comfort of water use.
Radial load on the pump shaft – force acting transversely on the shaft from the hydraulic side, resulting from flow asymmetry or operation beyond the optimal point. Too high a radial load shortens the life of bearings and seals, therefore the selection of the Dambat pump should take into account operation as close as possible to the recommended operating point.
Pump mechanical seal – a set of slip rings separating the medium chamber from the motor part, ensuring tightness on the shaft. In Dambat submersible and surface pumps, the proper selection and operation of the mechanical seal is crucial for the tightness and durability of the entire system.
Pump bypass – an additional branch of the pipeline enabling the flow of part of the medium from pumping to suction or to the tank, bypassing the main reception. The bypass circuit is used, among others, to ensure minimum flow through the pump, protection against overheating and to stabilize operation in installations with large fluctuations in demand.
Characteristics of the gravity installation – behavior of the system in which the water flow can take place partly due to the level difference without the pump operating. In installations powered by Dambat pumps, taking into account the gravity component allows you to optimize the power selection and reduce the pump operating time.
Installation filling time – time needed to fill pipelines and tanks with the working medium from empty to working state. This parameter is important when starting new installations with Dambat pumps, especially in fire protection and irrigation systems, where quick readiness for operation is important.
The degree of filtration of the medium – value defining the size of solid particles retained by the filter (e.g. in micrometers). The selection of the filtration degree in installations with submersible and circulation pumps affects the protection of the impeller, seals and valves against abrasive wear.
Pump capacity reserve – percentage of capacity reserve in relation to the current installation demand. Maintaining a reasonable capacity reserve in projects with Dambat pumps allows for subsequent expansion of the installation, without causing excessive energy losses during current operation.
Parallel pump system – a configuration in which two or more pumps work on a common discharge main, sharing the flow. A parallel pump system is used in larger water installations to flexibly adjust capacity to changing demand and ensure operational redundancy.

Practical use of the dictionary when selecting IBO pumps IPRO

The dictionary of basic hydraulic terms helps the installer correctly interpret catalog data and technical data sheets of Dambat IBO submersible, hydrophore and circulation pumps and IPRO, available in the manufacturer's online catalogs.
Knowledge of concepts such as working pressure, flow, hydraulic lines, safety valve or retention tank allows you to better select the pump for local operating conditions, the type of working medium and the specificity of the facility (single-family house, farm, industrial plant).

By understanding the terminology, the installer can also more easily navigate the training materials and the manufacturer's blog, where modern IBO pumps and IPRO for home heating and domestic hot water, as well as industrial solutions.
In practice, this translates into faster selection of devices, fewer complaints and greater end-user satisfaction with the operation of the pump installation.

Useful links to the Dambat website

Dambat Home Page – information about the manufacturer, offers and news.
Contact Dambat – contact details for installers and business partners.
Manufacturer of Dambat IBO pumps – deep well pumps and service – information about the offer and service.
Modern IBO i pumps IPRO for heating the house – heating and hot water applications.
Dambat pump service – technical support and repairs.
IBO pump collection – overview of models and accessories.
Submersible pump 6 IPRO 32-200 – example of a deep well pump IPRO.
Submersible pump 6 IPRO 32-125 – submersible pump IPRO with engine IPRO.
Dambat – English version – information for foreign partners.
Manufacturer's description Dambat IBO – company characteristics on an industry portal.